
Hoʻomohala ʻana i ka lawe ʻana i ka wai i loko o Kina
ʻO ka pae mua o ka lawe ʻia ʻana o ka ipu hao kūloko
Ua hoʻomaka koke ka lawe ʻana i ka wai i loko o Kina. I ka makahiki 1950, ua hoʻohana mua ʻia nā ipu lāʻau no ka neʻe ʻana o nā ukana ma waena o Shanghai Port a me Dalian Port.
Ma nā makahiki 1970, ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā ipu kila—ma ka nui o nā kikoʻī 5-ton a me 10-ton—i loko o ka ʻōnaehana kaʻaahi a hoʻonui mālie ʻia i ka halihali moana.
Eia naʻe, ma muli o kekahi mau kumu palena ʻole e like me:
• Nā koina hana kiʻekiʻe
• Hoʻonui ʻia ka huahana
• hiki i ka mākeke palena
• ʻAʻole lawa ka noi kūloko

Piʻi ʻana o ka lawe ʻia ʻana o nā ipu hao kūloko
ʻO ka hoʻomau mau ʻana o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana a me ka wehe ʻana o Kina, me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana hoʻokele waiwai, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻoihana lawe mai a me nā kālepa hoʻopukapuka.
Ua hoʻomaka ka holo ʻana o ka pahu pahu, ʻoi aku ka nui ma nā kahakai, kahi i hoʻomohala ʻia ai ka pono o ka ʻōnaehana a me ka logistic.
ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o nā lawelawe pahu kālepa haole i hana i nā kūlana maikaʻi no ka ulu ʻana o ka mākeke lawe ipu kūloko, e hāʻawi ana:
• ʻO ka ʻike hana waiwai
• Nā pūnaewele logistic nui
• Nā paepae ʻike paʻa
Ua loaʻa kahi mea nui i ka lā 16 o Dekemaba, 1996, i ka wā i hoʻonohonoho mua ʻia ai ʻo Kina i ka moku ʻāina ʻo "Fengshun", i haʻalele mai ke awa ʻo Xiamen e lawe ana i nā ipu maʻamau maʻamau.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ka lawe ʻana i ka ipu hao moana kālepa kūloko:
01. ʻO ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe
ʻO ka lawe ʻana i loko o ka pahu e hiki ai i ka ukana ke hoʻouka a hoʻokuʻu koke ʻia, e hōʻemi i ka helu o ka transit a me ka lawelawe ʻana, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pono holoʻokoʻa holoʻokoʻa. I ka manawa like, ʻo ka nui o ka pahu i hoʻohālikelike ʻia e hiki ai i nā moku a me nā keʻena awa ke hoʻohālikelike maikaʻi ʻia, e hoʻomaikaʻi hou aku i ka pono o ka halihali.
02. Hoʻokele waiwai
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lawe ʻana i ka pahu ma ke kai ma mua o ka lawe ʻana i ka ʻāina. Maikaʻi no nā waiwai nui a me ka halihali lōʻihi, hiki i ka halihali pahu moana ke hoʻemi nui i nā kumukūʻai.
03. Palekana
Loaʻa i ka pahu kahi hoʻolālā ikaika a me ka hana hoʻopaʻa ʻana, hiki ke pale pono i nā waiwai mai ka pōʻino o ke kaiapuni waho. I ka manawa like, ʻo nā hana palekana i ka wā o ka halihali moana e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ka lawe ʻana i nā waiwai.
04. Hoʻololi
He mea maʻalahi ka lawe ʻana i nā ukana mai kekahi awa a i kekahi, me ka ʻike ʻana i ka pili ʻole o ka halihali multimodal. Hāʻawi kēia maʻalahi i ka lawe ʻana i ka ipu moana kūloko e hoʻololi i nā pono logistic like ʻole.
05. Hoomalu kaiapuni
Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka lawe ʻana i ke alanui, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka lawe ʻana i ka ipu kai i ke kalapona, e kōkua ana i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka pollution kaiapuni. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka halihali containerized e hōʻemi ana i ka hana ʻana o ka ʻōpala packaging, kahi kūpono i ka pale ʻana i ke kaiapuni.
Alanui Kina Hema | Nā Awa Kūlana | Manawa Kaʻahele |
Shanghai - Guangzhou | Guangzhou (ma Nansha Phase IV, Shekou, Zhongshan, Xiaolan, Zhuhai International Terminal, Xinhui, Shunde, Nan’an, Heshan, Huadu, Longgui, Sanjiao, Zhaoqing, Xinhui, Fanyu, Gongyi, Yueping) | 3 lā |
Shanghai - Dongguan Intl. | Dongguan (via Haikou, Jiangmen, Yangjiang, Leliu, Tongde, Zhongshan, Xiaolan, Zhuhai Terminal, Xinhui, Shunde, Nan’an, Heshan, Huadu, Longgui, Sanjiao, Zhaoqing, Xinhui, Gongyi, Yueping) | 3 lā |
Shanghai - Xiamen | Xiamen (ma Quanzhou, Fuqing, Fuzhou, Chaozhou, Shantou, Xuwen, Yangpu, Zhanjiang, Beihai, Fangcheng, Tieshan, Jieyang) | 3 lā |
Taicang - Jieyang | Jieyang | 5 lā |
Taicang - Zhanjiang | Zhanjiang | 5 lā |
Taicang - Haikou | Haikou | 7 lā |
Alanui Kina Akau | Nā Awa Kūlana | Manawa Kaʻahele |
Shanghai/Taicang - Yingkou | ʻO Yingkou | 2.5 lā |
Shanghai - Jingtang | Jingtang (ma o Tianjin) | 2.5 lā |
Shanghai Luojing - Tianjin | Tianjin (ma ka Pākīpika International Terminal) | 2.5 lā |
Shanghai - Dalian | Dalian | 2.5 lā |
Shanghai - Qingdao | Qingdao (ma o Rizhao, a pili iā Yantai, Dalian, Weifang, Weihai, a me Weifang) | 2.5 lā |
Alanui muliwai Yangtze | Nā Awa Kūlana | Manawa Kaʻahele |
Taicang - Wuhan | ʻO Wuhan | 7-8 lā |
Taicang - Chongqing | Chongqing (ma Jiujiang, Yichang, Luzhou, Chongqing, Yibin) | 20 lā |

Ua loaʻa i ka ʻupena hoʻouna ipu kūloko i kēia manawa ka uhi piha ma nā wahi kahakai o Kina a me nā kīʻaha kahawai nui. Hoʻohana ʻia nā ala ala āpau i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma nā lawelawe liner paʻa. ʻO nā hui moku moku nui e hana ana i ka halihali ipu kai a me ka muliwai: Zhonggu Shipping, COSCO, Sinfeng Shipping, a me Antong Holdings.
Ua hoʻolauna ʻo Taicang Port i nā lawelawe hoʻouna pololei i nā kikowaena ma Fuyang, Fengyang, Huaibin, Jiujiang, a me Nanchang, ʻoiai e hoʻonui ana i ka pinepine o nā ala ala i Suqian. Hoʻoikaika kēia mau mea i ka pilina me nā ʻāina ukana nui ma Anhui, Henan, a me Jiangxi. Ua holomua ka holomua ma ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka mākeke ma ka ʻāpana waena o ka muliwai Yangtze.

Nā ʻano ipu maʻamau i loko o nā moku i loko o ka hale
Nā kikoʻī o ka pahu:
• 20GP (Ke kumu nui 20 kapuaʻi pahu)
• Nā Ana o loko: 5.95 × 2.34 × 2.38 m
• Kaumaha Nui Loa: 27 tona
• Hoʻohana Volume: 24–26 CBM
• inoa kapakapa: "Ipu Li'ili'i"
• 40GP (Ke kumu nui 40 kapuaʻi pahu)
• Nā Ana o loko: 11.95 × 2.34 × 2.38 m
• Kaumaha Nui Loa: 26 tona
• Hoʻohana Volume: approx. 54 CBM
• Ka inoa kapakapa: "Paʻa Paʻa"
• 40HQ (High Cube 40-kapuai pahu)
• Nā Ana o loko: 11.95 × 2.34 × 2.68 m
• Kaumaha Nui Loa: 26 tona
• Hoʻohana Volume: approx. 68 CBM
• Ka inoa kapakapa: "Kūpaʻa Kiʻekiʻe"
Nā Manaʻo Noi:
• He kūpono ka 20GP no nā ukana kaumaha e like me nā tile, nā lāʻau, nā pellets plastik, a me nā kinikona pahu pahu.
• 40GP / 40HQ 'oi aku ka pono no ka ukana māmā a voluminous paha, a me nā waiwai me nā koi kiko'ī kiko'ī, e like me nā fiber synthetic, nā mea ho'opili, nā lako, a me nā'āpana mīkini.
Logistics Optimization: Mai Shanghai a i Guangdong
Ua hoʻohana mua kā mākou mea kūʻai aku i ka halihali alanui e hoʻopuka i nā waiwai mai Shanghai a i Guangdong. ʻO kēlā me kēia kaʻa kaʻa he 13 mika i lawe i 33 mau tona ukana ma ke kumu kūʻai o RMB 9,000 i kēlā me kēia huakaʻi, me ka manawa transit o 2 mau lā.
Ma hope o ka hoʻololi ʻana i kā mākou hoʻonā kaʻa moana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, ua hoʻouna ʻia ka ukana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pahu 40HQ, e lawe ana kēlā me kēia me 26 tons. ʻO ke kumukūʻai logistic hou he RMB 5,800 i kēlā me kēia pahu, a ʻo ka manawa transit he 6 lā.
Mai ka hiʻohiʻona kumu kūʻai, hoʻemi nui ka lawe ʻana i ke kai i nā lilo logistic-mai ka RMB 272 no ke tona a hiki i ka RMB 223 no ka ton—e loaʻa ana ka mālama ʻana o kahi kokoke RMB 49 no ke tona.
Ma ke ʻano o ka manawa, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka lawe ʻana i ke kai ma mua o ka lawe ʻana i ke alanui. Pono kēia i ka mea kūʻai aku e hana i nā hoʻololi kūpono i ka hoʻolālā ʻana i ka waihona a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i mea e pale aku ai i nā hana.
Ka hopena:
Inā ʻaʻole koi ka mea kūʻai i ka hoʻouna wikiwiki ʻana a hiki ke hoʻolālā i ka hana ʻana a me ke kumukūʻai ma mua, ke hōʻike nei ke kumu hoʻohālike o ke kai i kahi hoʻoponopono logistic ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, kūpaʻa, a me ke kaiapuni.