Ka Hoʻomohala ʻana i ka Lawe ʻana i nā Pahu Kūloko ma Kina
Ka Papa Mua o ka Lawe ʻana i nā Ipu Kūloko
Ua hoʻomaka mua ka lawe ʻana i nā ipu wai kūloko o Kina. I nā makahiki 1950, ua hoʻohana mua ʻia nā ipu lāʻau no ka neʻe ʻana o nā ukana ma waena o ke awa ʻo Shanghai a me ke awa ʻo Dalian.
Ma ka makahiki 1970, ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā ipu kila—ʻo ia hoʻi ma nā kikoʻī he 5-tona a me 10-tona—i loko o ka ʻōnaehana kaʻaahi a ua hoʻonui mālie ʻia i ka halihali moana.
Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o kekahi mau kumu palena e like me:
• Nā kumukūʻai hana kiʻekiʻe
• Ka hana i hoʻomohala ʻole ʻia
• Ka palena o ka hiki ke kūʻai aku
• ʻAʻole lawa ka noi kūloko
Ka piʻi ʻana o ka halihali ipu kūloko maʻamau
ʻO ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka hoʻoponopono a me ka wehe ʻana o Kina, me nā hoʻoponopono ʻōnaehana hoʻokele waiwai, ua hoʻolalelale nui i ka ulu ʻana o ke kālepa lawe mai a me ka hoʻokuʻu aku o ka lāhui.
Ua hoʻomaka ka holomua o ka halihali ʻana i nā ipu hao, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma nā wahi kahakai, kahi i hoʻomohala nui ʻia ai ke koi no nā ʻoihana a me nā logistics.
ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o nā lawelawe ipu kālepa haole i hoʻokumu i nā kūlana kūpono no ka ulu ʻana o ka mākeke lawe ipu kūloko, e hāʻawi ana i:
• ʻIke hana waiwai nui
• Nā pūnaewele logistics ākea
• Nā kahua ʻike ikaika
Ua hana ʻia kahi hanana koʻikoʻi ma Dekemaba 16, 1996, i ka wā i haʻalele ai ka moku lawe ipu kūloko mua loa o Kina, ʻo ia hoʻi ka moku "Fengshun", mai ke awa ʻo Xiamen me nā ipu hana maʻamau o ka honua. Ua hōʻailona kēia hanana i ka hoʻomaka kūhelu o ka lawe ʻana i nā ipu kūloko maʻamau ma nā awa Kina.
ʻO nā ʻano o ka halihali ipu moana kalepa kūloko:
01. Ka pono kiʻekiʻe
ʻO ka halihali i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o nā pahu e hiki ai ke hoʻouka a hoʻokuʻu koke i nā waiwai, e hōʻemi ana i ka nui o ka lawe ʻana a me ka lawelawe ʻana, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pono o ka halihali holoʻokoʻa. I ka manawa like, ʻo ka nui o ka pahu i maʻamau e hiki ai i nā moku a me nā pono awa ke hoʻohālikelike maikaʻi ʻia, e hoʻomaikaʻi hou aku ana i ka pono o ka halihali.
02. Hoʻokele waiwai
ʻOi aku ka hoʻokele waiwai o ka halihali ʻana i nā ipu ma ke kai ma mua o ka halihali ʻāina. ʻOiai no nā ukana nui a me ka halihali mamao loa, hiki i ka halihali ʻana i nā ipu moana ke hōʻemi nui i nā kumukūʻai halihali.
03. Palekana
He ʻano paʻa ko ka ipu a me ka hana sila, hiki ke pale pono i nā waiwai mai ka pōʻino o ke kaiapuni waho. I ka manawa like, ʻo nā hana palekana i ka wā o ka halihali moana e hōʻoiaʻiʻo pū i ka halihali palekana o nā waiwai.
04. Ka maʻalahi
ʻO ka halihali ʻana i loko o nā pahu e maʻalahi ai ka hoʻoili ʻana i nā waiwai mai kekahi awa a i kekahi awa, e hoʻomaopopo ana i ka pilina maʻalahi o ka halihali multimodal. ʻO kēia maʻalahi e hiki ai i ka halihali ʻana i nā pahu moana kūloko ke hoʻololi i nā pono logistics like ʻole.
05. Ka palekana o ke kaiapuni
Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka halihali alanui, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ke kalapona i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e ka halihali ipu kai, kahi e kōkua ai i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka haumia o ke kaiapuni. Eia kekahi, hōʻemi pū ka halihali ipu i ka hana ʻana o nā ʻōpala pūʻolo, kahi mea e kōkua ai i ka palekana o ke kaiapuni.
| Nā Alanui Kina Hema | Nā Awa Hoʻouna | Ka Manawa Hoʻoili |
| Shanghai - Guangzhou | Guangzhou (ma Nansha Phase IV, Shekou, Zhongshan, Xiaolan, Zhuhai International Terminal, Xinhui, Shunde, Nan’an, Heshan, Huadu, Longgui, Sanjiao, Zhaoqing, Xinhui, Fanyu, Gongyi, Yueping) | 3 lā |
| Shanghai - Dongguan Intl. | Dongguan (via Haikou, Jiangmen, Yangjiang, Leliu, Tongde, Zhongshan, Xiaolan, Zhuhai Terminal, Xinhui, Shunde, Nan’an, Heshan, Huadu, Longgui, Sanjiao, Zhaoqing, Xinhui, Gongyi, Yueping) | 3 lā |
| Shanghai - Xiamen | Xiamen (ma Quanzhou, Fuqing, Fuzhou, Chaozhou, Shantou, Xuwen, Yangpu, Zhanjiang, Beihai, Fangcheng, Tieshan, Jieyang) | 3 lā |
| Taicang - Jieyang | Jieyang | 5 lā |
| Taicang - Zhanjiang | ʻO Zhanjiang | 5 lā |
| Taicang - Haikou | Haikou | 7 lā |
| Nā Alanui ʻĀkau o Kina | Nā Awa Hoʻouna | Ka Manawa Hoʻoili |
| Shanghai/Taicang - Yingkou | ʻO Yingkou | 2.5 lā |
| Shanghai - Jingtang | Jingtang (ma o Tianjin) | 2.5 lā |
| Shanghai Luojing - Tianjin | Tianjin (ma o ke kahua mokulele honua o ka Pākīpika) | 2.5 lā |
| Shanghai - Dalian | ʻO Dalian | 2.5 lā |
| Shanghai - Qingdao | Qingdao (ma o Rizhao, a pili iā Yantai, Dalian, Weifang, Weihai, a me Weifang) | 2.5 lā |
| Nā Alanui o ka Muliwai ʻo Yangtze | Nā Awa Hoʻouna | Ka Manawa Hoʻoili |
| Taicang - Wuhan | Wuhan | 7-8 lā |
| Taicang - Chongqing | Chongqing (ma Jiujiang, Yichang, Luzhou, Chongqing, Yibin) | 20 lā |
Ua hoʻokō ka pūnaewele hoʻouna ipu kūloko o kēia manawa i ka uhi piha ʻana ma nā wahi kahakai o Kina a me nā kīʻaha muliwai nui. Hana nā ala i hoʻokumu ʻia a pau ma nā lawelawe laina paʻa a hoʻonohonoho ʻia. ʻO nā ʻoihana hoʻouna ipu kūloko koʻikoʻi e hana ana i ka lawe ʻana i nā ipu kahakai a me nā muliwai e komo pū ana me: Zhonggu Shipping, COSCO, Sinfeng Shipping, a me Antong Holdings.
Ua hoʻomaka ʻo Taicang Port i nā lawelawe hoʻouna pololei i nā kikowaena ma Fuyang, Fengyang, Huaibin, Jiujiang, a me Nanchang, me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke alapine o nā ala premium i Suqian. Hoʻoikaika kēia mau hoʻomohala i ka pilina me nā ʻāina ukana koʻikoʻi ma nā panalāʻau ʻo Anhui, Henan, a me Jiangxi. Ua holomua nui ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke alo o ka mākeke ma ka ʻāpana waena o ka muliwai ʻo Yangtze.
Nā ʻAno Pahu Maʻamau i ka Hoʻouna ʻana i loko o nā Pahu Kūloko
Nā kikoʻī o ka ipu:
• 20GP (Pahu hana maʻamau 20 kapuaʻi)
• Ana Kūloko: 5.95 × 2.34 × 2.38 m
• Kaumaha Loa Loa: 27 tone
• Ka nui hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia: 24–26 CBM
• Inoa kapakapa: "Pahu liʻiliʻi"
• 40GP (Pahu hana maʻamau 40 kapuaʻi)
• Ana Kūloko: 11.95 × 2.34 × 2.38 m
• Kaumaha Loa Loa: 26 tone
• Ka nui hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia: ma kahi o 54 CBM
• Inoa kapakapa: "Pahu Maʻamau"
• 40HQ (Pahu kiʻekiʻe 40 kapuaʻi)
• Ana Kūloko: 11.95 × 2.34 × 2.68 m
• Kaumaha Loa Loa: 26 tone
• Ka nui hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia: ma kahi o 68 CBM
• Inoa kapakapa: "Pahu Kiʻekiʻe"
Nā Manaʻo Noi:
• He kūpono ʻo 20GP no nā ukana kaumaha e like me nā tile, ka lāʻau, nā ʻāpana palakiko, a me nā kemika i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ka pahu.
• ʻOi aku ka kūpono o 40GP / 40HQ no nā ukana māmā a nui paha, a i ʻole nā waiwai me nā koi kikoʻī, e like me nā olonā synthetic, nā mea hoʻopili, nā lako hale, a i ʻole nā ʻāpana mīkini.
Hoʻonohonoho Logistics: Mai Shanghai a i Guangdong
Ua hoʻohana mua kā mākou mea kūʻai aku i ka halihali alanui e lawe i nā waiwai mai Shanghai a i Guangdong. Ua lawe kēlā me kēia kalaka 13-mika i 33 tone o ka ukana ma ke kumukūʻai o RMB 9,000 no kēlā me kēia huakaʻi, me ka manawa transit o 2 mau lā.
Ma hope o ka hoʻololi ʻana i kā mākou hopena halihali kai i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia, ua hoʻouna ʻia ka ukana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ipu 40HQ, e lawe ana kēlā me kēia i 26 tone. ʻO ke kumukūʻai logistics hou he RMB 5,800 no kēlā me kēia ipu, a ʻo ka manawa transit he 6 lā.
Mai kahi kuanaʻike kumukūʻai, hoʻemi nui ka halihali moana i nā lilo logistics—mai RMB 272 no ke tona a i RMB 223 no ke tona—e hopena ana i ka mālama ʻana ma kahi o RMB 49 no ke tona.
Ma ke ʻano o ka manawa, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka lawe ʻana i ka lawe kai ma mua o ka lawe alanui. Pono kēia i ka mea kūʻai aku e hana i nā hoʻoponopono kūpono i ka hoʻolālā waihona a me ka hoʻonohonoho hana ʻana e pale aku i kekahi hoʻopilikia i nā hana.
Hopena:
Inā ʻaʻole koi ka mea kūʻai aku i ka hoʻouna wikiwiki a hiki ke hoʻolālā i ka hana ʻana a me ka waihona ma mua, hōʻike ke kumu hoʻohālike halihali moana i kahi hopena logistics ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kumukūʻai, paʻa, a aloha i ke kaiapuni.